Research

Five Wishes Best Practice Community

The following literature reviews cite several research studies highlighting the benefits and outcomes of advance care planning. Use the information and references in these articles to help define the anticipated value of advance care planning activities for your organization and the people you serve.

Communication About Serious Illness Care Goals: A Review and Synthesis of Best Practices

Reviews evidence about the benefits of advance care planning including reported improved quality of life, less aggressive medical care near death, earlier hospice referrals, higher incidence of wishes being honored, reduction in surrogate distress, improved bereavement outcomes, and reduction in costs attributable to fewer interventions, less time in the hospital, and fewer hospitalizations. Also describes best practices in advance care planning conversations, and recommendations for developing a systematic approach.

Bernacki RE, Block SD. Communication about serious illness care goals: a review and synthesis of best practices. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Dec;174(12):1994-2003. American College of Physicians High Value Care Task Force

Advance Care Planning and Advance Directives

A thorough review of research literature with multiple research citation links in the References. Literature review is kept up to date. Cites several benefits and outcomes (“effectiveness”) of advance care planning including increased likelihood that clinicians and families understand and comply with the person’s wishes, reduced hospital stays at the end of life, less likelihood of intensive treatments at the end of life, increased enrollment in hospice care, and higher likelihood of the person dying in the setting of their choice

Detering, K., & Silveira, M. J. UpToDate. (2019). Advance care planning and advance directives

The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: A systematic review

Overview of studies on the effects of advance care planning. Citations include reference to studies demonstrating advance care planning decreases life-sustaining treatment, increases use of hospice and palliative care, and prevents hospitalization.

Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J. A. C., & van der Heide, A. (2014). The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 28.

Value Snapshot | Advance Care Planning

Review of research that consistently demonstrates that advance care planning improves patient and family satisfaction with care, reduces the cost of care, reduces unnecessary hospitalizations, and increases timely enrollment in hospice and palliative care.

Advance Care Planning Reduces Health Care Costs Kathleen Kerr (2015). Coalition for Compassionate Care of California.